http://hdl.handle.net/11651/750 2026-05-15T10:43:09Z 2026-05-15T10:43:09Z http://hdl.handle.net/11651/6646 2026-04-17T03:30:50Z 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z

National laws, NAFTA panels and multilateral privisions: sovereignty or supranational rules at bay? Extending a previous investigation of farm dispute settlement under the Canadian-U.S. Free Trade Agreement of 1989 to include the North American Free Trade Agreement of 1994, this study inquires if regionalism in this part of the world threatens the sovereignty of national trade laws and multilateral provisions. The adjudication process, spelled out by Chapter 19 of the two free trade agreements, is singled out and disaggregated into four stages for analysis. This, in turn, allows for (a) a reassessment of the sovereignty-supranational theoretical debate; and (b) undertaking a comparative study of the national trade relief laws in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Whereas extant works, almost exclusively of disputes under G.A.T.T., find that supranational rules influence outcomes more than the pursuit of sovereign interests by states, the preliminary findings of this study suggest that both forces are equally strong in North America. By and large, they suggest that reciprocal relations between states, regional entities, and multilateral organizations are necessary for the viable operation of each; yet this necessity may, in the long-term, constrain the multilateral organization more than the regional. This interpenetrating relationship is unique, and the source of institutional innovations of relevance to the pursuit of both state sovereignty and supranationalism.

1997-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11651/6645 2026-04-17T03:30:30Z 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z

Assesing the rules-power debate in farm trade: a case study of the Canadian-U.S. Free Trade Agreement Asking "How have trade disputes over agriculture been settled in North America?", this study examines 11 appeals made to binational panels extablished under Chapter 19 of the canada-U. S. Free Trade Agreement of 1989. By disaggregating the process of dispute settlement into complaints, rulings, country responses, and overall settlement, it reassesses an old debate (whether dispute outcomes are influenced by collective rules or the pursuit of self-help) and sheds new light. Whereas extant studies make the argument, through a study of appeals to G.A.T.T., that collective rules temper the blind pursuit of self-help, this study makes the argument that self-help is equally important an explanation. Whereas the former focus on outcomes which are non-binding, this study focuses on outcomes which are binding. Implications are drawn, at a time when domestic interests, nationalistic sentiments, and supranational pursuits compete to influence policy outcomes at all levels, for agriculture, integration in North America, and dispute settlement at the multilateral level.

1997-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11651/6644 2026-04-17T03:30:36Z 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z

La extraña batalla de Moscú (21 de septiembre - 4 de octubre de 1993): un año después Este trabajo de historia inmediata descansa esencialmente en el estudio de la prensa rusa, entonces totalmente libre, y sobre el abundante y contradictorio material documental publicado en los meses siguientes. Se estudia los 13 días de la crisis violenta que opuso al otoño de 1993 el presidente Yeltsin al Soviet Supremo (Congreso) crisis que no se entiende sin el conflicto permanente que durante 700 días opuso a los dos actores.; This is the immediate store of the irruption of violence in the polítical life of post-soviet Russia, at the autumn of 1993. When president Yeltsin dissolved the Supreme Soviet (the Congress), an escalation of violence happened in Moscu. Some deputies took the initiative of the first blood. A frightened government decided to crush with a reluctant army the "fascist-communist putsch". With the help of a remarkably free press, the historian tries to tell the story of 13 terrible days, the apex of 700 days of conflict between president Yeltsin and the Soviet.

2000-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11651/6643 2026-04-17T03:30:29Z 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z

El manejo de la relación con Estados Unidos, 1990-1994 A partir de 1990, la relación de México con su vecino del norte experimentó cambios profundos. El 10 de junio de ese año, los presidentes de México y Estados Unidos anunciaron su intención de buscar un tratado de libre comercio para "forjar una relación económica vigorosa". Al poco tiempo, el gobierno de Canadá anunció su interés por participar en la negociación, agregándose así un nuevo actor geográfico a la dinámica regional. Para el 7 de octubre de 1992, el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) ya contaba con la firma de las máximas autoridades de los tres gobiernos. Una vez ratificado por las instancias legislativas de cada país, el TLCAN entró en vigor el 1 de enero de 1994. A partir del TLCAN surgen para la región normas, reglas, instituciones y prácticas trilaterales que se encargarán de regular no sólo el intercambio comercial, sino también la cooperación ambiental y laboral. En las áreas académica y educativa existe asimismo un gran potencial para intensificar contactos. Sin embargo, es poco claro si estos vínculos llevarán al surgimiento de una comunidad norteamericana como ocurre en otros bloques, en particular en la Unión Europea.

1997-01-01T00:00:00Z